In today's digital age, circuit boards form the foundation of virtually all electronic devices we experience daily. From computer systems and smartphones to industrial equipment and medical devices, the printed circuit card (PCB) is integral to their design and performance. PCB design, that includes format, routing, and part positioning, is https://doyle-ejlersen.federatedjournals.com/enhancing-efficiency-in-pcb-prototyping-with-advanced-manufacturing-techniques